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Fingerprints and ridge characteristics
- 2. Fingerprint origin • Between the 3rd and 4th month of fetal development the sweat glands form in the skin through small pores. Pores link together to form a series of ridges that are unique to every individual.
- 3. Formation of Prints o Skin consists of: • Inner layer—dermis • Outer layer—epidermis • Basal layer in between o Basal layer grows faster than the layers above and below it o Basal layer collapses and folds to form intricate shapes o The folds and pores create unique patterns even amongst identical twins.
- 5. Structure of skin 3D!!
- 6. How are fingerprints left behind? • Materials are continually secreted from the pores in the skin within the ridges of the fingers. • 98-99% of the secreted material is water and the other 1-2% is other organic and inorganic materials.
- 7. • Any sebaceous oils on the fingers is transferred from other areas of the body and is collected in the ridges. • Other objects that have an oily or greasy residue also transfer materials to the fingers when touched.
- 8. • All of the materials that gather in the ridges can be transferred from the finger to the touched object…leaving behind a distinct fingerprint
- 9. Types of prints found at Crime Scenes • There are three types of prints that can be found at the scene of a crime. – Latent – Patent – Plastic
- 10. Latent prints • Latent prints are considered to be any print that is not easily seen. • They require Processing with the use of powder and/or chemicals like super glue fuming
- 11. Patent prints • Patent prints are any print that can be easily seen because they were made with a substance on the fingers…such as blood, oil, or ink. • Patent prints need to be photographed and then collected using lifting tape…they do not require chemicals
- 12. Plastic prints • Plastic prints are three-dimensional impressions made in a substance that holds the shape of the ridges on the fingers such as putty, clay, or wax • Plastic prints should be photographed first and foremost and then attempts can be made to get an impression using plaster or other casting materials
- 13. Analyzing prints • In the past fingerprints were analyzed by fingerprint analyzers and then they would be compared to fingerprints on file. • Now, computers do the work by digitally scanning prints into a large database called the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS).
- 14. • The computer uses an automated scanning device to convert the image of a fingerprint into digital ridge characteristics
- 15. What is analyzed? • Ending ridge • Fork (bifurcation) • Island ridge • Dot • Bridge • Spur • Eye • Double bifurcation • Trifurcation
- 16. Ridge ending
- 17. Fork/Bifurcation
- 18. Island ridge
- 19. Dot
- 20. Delta & Bridge The core should also be noted because it is an important characteristic in determining prints.
- 21. Spur
- 23. Eye
- 24. Trifurcation